La vérification s'effectue en comparant l'empreinte md5 du fichier téléchargé avec une empreinte de référence, publiée sur le site officiel de Ubuntu.

Voici les empreintes des différentes images de CD pour Ubuntu 6.06.1 LTS « Dapper Drake » et Ubuntu 6.10 « Edgy Eft », ainsi que pour leurs versions Kubuntu et Xubuntu. La première colonne contient l'empreinte de référence et la seconde colonne, le nom du fichier associé à cette empreinte.

### Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake

b9a5be3a5858ade278d664d41310a4ab  ubuntu-6.06.1-alternate-amd64.iso
6cb8582aa5615ed4616165743a0868d7  ubuntu-6.06.1-alternate-i386.iso
0b5b3df02da3d9ed6f4ac482cf541f04  ubuntu-6.06.1-alternate-powerpc.iso
50e3912c555f98f7bca56b2a0200b205  ubuntu-6.06.1-desktop-amd64.iso
fb3af44c21f1f68cc25fda7edb8c1bd3  ubuntu-6.06.1-desktop-i386.iso
502911770ad173dbe82c698379ed7d11  ubuntu-6.06.1-desktop-powerpc.iso

8254b0f3696ed17c52a2cb59c9ebd2cc  ubuntu-6.06.1-server-amd64.iso
5ad76d8b380ab5be713e5daa9ea84475  ubuntu-6.06.1-server-i386.iso
6d1c3b5cb41661365b3db5cf12bb2836  ubuntu-6.06.1-server-powerpc.iso
2ccc1ec608040e6aac8913a016c31bed  ubuntu-6.06.1-server-sparc.iso

445a002d8173dec6880a5b63d0378c46  kubuntu-6.06.1-alternate-amd64.iso
e29a7bf1022e5d257b0f9d134c8b260f  kubuntu-6.06.1-alternate-i386.iso
66419c71db6095a2d4e06d141f4a8453  kubuntu-6.06.1-alternate-powerpc.iso
5bad812063cd880a1755f1e2431ee3e4  kubuntu-6.06.1-desktop-amd64.iso
4a8f2c56388fadf7f1df5dc88a95a06c  kubuntu-6.06.1-desktop-i386.iso
5849a0cff57bb23d210011f3951d720c  kubuntu-6.06.1-desktop-powerpc.iso

c837e79aa08a1bf78e609bf97dae1f00  xubuntu-6.06.1-alternate-amd64.iso
c0b54deca75e8e3a87988846c9ae1e44  xubuntu-6.06.1-alternate-i386.iso
d9629470753132c9379562ae327e7839  xubuntu-6.06.1-alternate-powerpc.iso
ab3acc3ca2a4830b3b9e9f2b73bd3076  xubuntu-6.06.1-desktop-amd64.iso
20d5b0e83e4a701d76739347520b133e  xubuntu-6.06.1-desktop-i386.iso
ac07d20b3190e7370e3fe4307df548bf  xubuntu-6.06.1-desktop-powerpc.iso



### Ubuntu 6.10 Edgy Eft

283158c7da8c0ada74502794fa8745eb  ubuntu-6.10-alternate-amd64.iso
549ef19097b10ac9237c08f6dc6084c6  ubuntu-6.10-alternate-i386.iso
5717dd795bfd74edc2e9e81d37394349  ubuntu-6.10-alternate-powerpc.iso
99c3a849f6e9a0d143f057433c7f4d84  ubuntu-6.10-desktop-amd64.iso
b950a4d7cf3151e5f213843e2ad77fe3  ubuntu-6.10-desktop-i386.iso
a3494ff33a3e5db83669df5268850a01  ubuntu-6.10-desktop-powerpc.iso

2f44a48a9f5b4f1dff36b63fc2115f40  ubuntu-6.10-server-amd64.iso
cd6c09ff8f9c72a19d0c3dced4b31b3a  ubuntu-6.10-server-i386.iso
6f165f915c356264ecf56232c2abb7b5  ubuntu-6.10-server-powerpc.iso
4971edddbfc667e0effbc0f6b4f7e7e0  ubuntu-6.10-server-sparc.iso

4f5a12059e1a7f729c396601081ba7f1  kubuntu-6.10-alternate-amd64.iso
23347e2e519f0f638cf0161ae65f17f8  kubuntu-6.10-alternate-i386.iso
e7f605ca5134dcdbcbb56e7fc0ceffee  kubuntu-6.10-alternate-powerpc.iso
0b5b707fda9a7cda9868447df497f36d  kubuntu-6.10-desktop-amd64.iso
1f9baed847eff89b03c754fcaea8070e  kubuntu-6.10-desktop-i386.iso
f2ce77ef53e85c7bf281ee71f3ec8414  kubuntu-6.10-desktop-powerpc.iso

30b2e4211c8cab3328f8bba4a9758715  xubuntu-6.10-alternate-amd64.iso
fd706420fb2c1529707658ba43e9554a  xubuntu-6.10-alternate-i386.iso
eefea0c37b7b9a59e8e34f3a87d80d5e  xubuntu-6.10-alternate-powerpc.iso
38d6f02de8acc7838abaf2a5ddbc1d4d  xubuntu-6.10-desktop-amd64.iso
22dbcd0958d5f19be4ae4f91410a1170  xubuntu-6.10-desktop-i386.iso
91eeb4820708f34bc4a738a9464d451a  xubuntu-6.10-desktop-powerpc.iso

721f1d49d15c7c27e05ce59958022ed7  ubuntu-6.10-dvd-amd64.iso
e246727e80bc212d297c41888a73d9ab  ubuntu-6.10-dvd-i386.iso
10c35605d9ee1bd9856a9ff1941fd51a  ubuntu-6.10-dvd-powerpc.iso

(Au bas de cette page, vous retrouverez les empreintes pour les anciennes versions d'Ubuntu.)

Dans le même répertoire où vous avez téléchargé l'image ISO de votre choix, créez un nouveau fichier texte vide nommé « MD5SUM ». À l'intérieur de celui-ci, copiez-y intégralement uniquement la ou les lignes de référence des fichiers que vous avez téléchargés. (Par exemple, si vous n'avez téléchargé que l'image du CD d'installation d'Ubuntu pour processeurs 32 bits [ubuntu-5.10-install-i386.iso], vous ne copierez que la seconde ligne.)

Dans un terminal, saisissez les commandes suivantes:

$ cd /répertoire_dans_lequel_vous_avez_téléchargé_le_fichier_ISO
$ md5sum --check ./MD5SUM

Ainsi, si vous avez téléchargé l'image ISO sur votre bureau, veillez à ce que le fichier MD5SUM soit aussi sur le bureau et, dans un terminal, saisissez les commandes suivantes:

$ cd ~/Desktop/
$ md5sum --check ./MD5SUM

L'utilitaire vous confirmera l'intégrité du fichier ISO ou vous indiquera qu'il est corrompu. Dans ce second cas, vous devrez alors télécharger de nouveau votre ou vos fichiers depuis un autre miroir.

L'utilitaire « md5sum » est normalement inclus d'office sous la plupart des distributions Linux. Si vous disposez d'une ancienne version de Ubuntu, vous disposez de « md5sum ».

L'utilitaire fonctionne en ligne de commande. Dans un terminal, saisissez la commande suivante :

$ md5sum nom_du_fichier.iso

Une série de chiffres et de lettres est retournée : l'empreinte md5. Comparez-la avec l'empreinte de référence, précédemment indiquée. Si l'empreinte diffère, votre fichier est corrompu : il ne vous reste plus qu'à tenter de télécharger de nouveau le fichier depuis un miroir différent.

Exemple concret : pour vérifier l'empreinte de l'image du cédérom d'installation de Ubuntu 5.10 pour processeurs 32 bits (la plupart des PC) enregistrée sur le bureau, la commande à saisir est :

$ md5sum ~/Desktop/ubuntu-5.10-install-i386.iso

3d0310e32d0b174a312ed2c1f7ec022b ./dists/edgy/main/binary-i386/Release e98d92672ffd1ed2a26199ef7b8b66e5 ./dists/edgy/main/binary-i386/Packages c577fd0592de8ddc7d33454cf9ac3482 ./dists/edgy/main/binary-i386/Packages.gz a2227679f488421d96e453379fa75e82 ./dists/edgy/main/dist-upgrader/binary-all/edgy.tar.gz 7709cced6f6cd8d3cb54e595f0fac24c ./dists/edgy/main/dist-upgrader/binary-all/edgy.tar.gz.gpg 4aefa006e7c7cdc88d6103608d2fccdc ./dists/edgy/restricted/binary-i386/Release c0322f97ca811198cdc523c9c7334a70 ./dists/edgy/restricted/binary-i386/Packages 2410f8c0cb77315ac395c57c8b87c238 ./dists/edgy/restricted/binary-i386/Packages.gz b8cdf91ed622872ec45cd5040cd5408a ./dists/edgy/Release 1cc6b9f403aee712ee449119377f246d ./dists/edgy/Release.gpg ccbc5a8d93b10590193084e179fe4492 ./.disk/info 3d37f215b76490b1ad5bd94607c7e292 ./README.diskdefines cd8aa5e7fa11b1362ef1869ac6b1aa56 ./pics/blue-lowerleft.png 9e18ae797773b2677b1b7b86e2aff28d ./pics/blue-lowerright.png a025c46d5daf227adfda51d81eb90f25 ./pics/blue-upperleft.png 461cbc7ff94fdea8008cab34b611abb8 ./pics/blue-upperright.png 16ff51c168405e575d32bae001f280e4 ./pics/debian.jpg 92091902d3ca753bb858d4682b3fc26b ./pics/logo-50.jpg 0730e775a72519aaa450a3774fca5f55 ./pics/red-lowerleft.png 20d4bdecfa6d980d663fb5b93d37a842 ./pics/red-lowerright.png cde56251d6cae5214227d887dee3bab7 ./pics/red-upperleft.png 3c129ee10f707bd9dec10209d28840eb ./pics/red-upperright.png 5a93a111efeb5305075c5e077715b6cd ./install/sbm.bin 8d6a2a045d7c0f48fe2e088f3f87b6ce ./install/README.sbm 1473ccac5ddaad89c2b8dfefcc5770de ./install/mt86plus 7e3aa6d1958baf72d369392fdb175486 ./preseed/cli.seed 23d9bfe897b4264f2465e8a592ebb6e3 ./preseed/ubuntu.seed 065e8df1eba53019a42df404f20765e2 ./pool/restricted/l/linux-meta/avm-fritz-firmware_2.6.17.10_i386.deb 88419877278c99a0fe382dbd95b89c7f ./pool/restricted/l/linux-restricted-modules-2.6.17/avm-fritz-firmware-2.6.17-10_3.11+2.6.17.5-11_i386.deb a69b413b3f00e33190f9370facb51eb0 ./pool/restricted/d/drdsl/drdsl_1.2.0-1_i386.deb 36804460fdf62473f56850aaf3c374da ./pool/main/b/bpalogin/bpalogin_2.0.2-9ubuntu1_i386.deb 9555bbff826c8f059d00a824d6285275 ./pool/main/b/build-essential/build-essential_11.3_i386.deb e131a82ca44c7092e2ec8a5f42edaaa3 ./pool/main/i/isdnutils/capiutils_3.9.20060704-1_i386.deb 7fc022c924c021f5dc11853287438166 ./pool/main/i/isdnutils/ipppd_3.9.20060704-1_i386.deb 0b56331a35ebf44217470406a4a390c9 ./pool/main/i/isdnutils/isdnutils-base_3.9.20060704-1_i386.deb aa4518f5543c7b5de729eb0db33cacbd ./pool/main/i/isdnutils/isdnutils-xtools_3.9.20060704-1_i386.deb e7475bb90c65e69fe10d132b522b050c ./pool/main/i/isdnutils/libcapi20-3_3.9.20060704-1_i386.deb 33b1179fc56274c820f6cdd5f9757f73 ./pool/main/i/isdnutils/libcapi20-dev_3.9.20060704-1_i386.deb b3238462a2c99c0ec7b5ee8a5b3f2462 ./pool/main/i/isdnutils/pppdcapiplugin_3.9.20060704-1_i386.deb 08b5e52a9543b70569d4465adbbf4ac3 ./pool/main/d/dpkg/dpkg-dev_1.13.22ubuntu7_all.deb e0a52d89b979e2f8602ef9cdd0e6f0b4 ./pool/main/e/eagle-usb/eagle-usb-data_2.1.1-2ubuntu1_all.deb 6f9b0c0cb03ef24dd0534e00440e5551 ./pool/main/e/eagle-usb/eagle-usb-utils_2.1.1-2ubuntu1_i386.deb 7f9edbbfaa0131664bb76921c510c4ef ./pool/main/f/fakeroot/fakeroot_1.5.9ubuntu1_i386.deb 0a51efffa556cd06f07557bf78f1aa28 ./pool/main/g/gcc-defaults/g++_4.1.1-6ubuntu3_i386.deb e6e00d68edc0daae2572ad53663fa9a9 ./pool/main/g/gcc-4.1/g++-4.1_4.1.1-13ubuntu5_i386.deb bfd9a8deeb07f495bf75bfb9d83fdebb ./pool/main/g/gcc-4.1/libstdc++6-4.1-dev_4.1.1-13ubuntu5_i386.deb cb79022ae226507d1f86af9c5421f667 ./pool/main/g/glibc/libc6-dev_2.4-1ubuntu12_i386.deb 245f16de0196793b159380d0f9182334 ./pool/main/l/linux-atm/libatm1_2.4.1-17_i386.deb 77f805ee8b0099629f1f5311d63578b3 ./pool/main/l/linux-source-2.6.17/linux-libc-dev_2.6.17-10.33_i386.deb a396df2a8abd6b430b47f9f2cd23c01e ./pool/main/l/linux-wlan-ng/linux-wlan-ng_0.2.5-2ubuntu1_i386.deb 3d9fe86fb30086a4eba9aec6a4f06ef7 ./pool/main/n/ndiswrapper/ndiswrapper-common_1.18-1ubuntu2_all.deb 6ba955830847e6e20282291ff124b34d ./pool/main/n/ndiswrapper/ndiswrapper-utils-1.8_1.18-1ubuntu2_i386.deb 7e111f78aba5d2a4ce5880535160ce03 ./pool/main/n/ndiswrapper-1.1/ndiswrapper-utils_1.1-5_all.deb 0f4e21e2ca0560558355909b2f7f0e03 ./pool/main/n/ndiswrapper-1.1/ndiswrapper-utils-1.1_1.1-5_i386.deb e0455774d32284b18d0af7812cd16a3b ./pool/main/p/pptp-linux/pptp-linux_1.7.0-2ubuntu1_i386.deb e9c14f4a5a1a7f930d676d335b326fb0 ./pool/main/s/setserial/setserial_2.17-43_i386.deb bc0922e243eef7f11d3bc58faa4003a7 ./casper/filesystem.squashfs cc8fe91fe96b5f693e928f9865d0ae1d ./casper/initrd.gz 0a15562c9c16e5d2b35a83816a894667 ./casper/filesystem.manifest 10935d6293597ad99866d2ff16591477 ./casper/filesystem.manifest-desktop d595c0f38ff1e91efdc871b93a6fe20e ./casper/vmlinuz 85aa3dc1dd5e04077d7a34cb1d37d02c ./autorun.inf 3439d43574651fa57fcd8d8dbc303983 ./start.bmp d5af1fcc69d14bf1f340e31108121415 ./start.exe ab80ef2060c666906fc06acc29735bec ./start.ini 59847bb83384524a9c3ab577b23f8f69 ./ubuntu.ico 490e29716ff3ff0323589fbdb79e00c2 ./programs/thunderbird/ThunderbirdSetup.exe 1a190a15ba452a28025d28f780db648e ./programs/gtk/GTKSetup.exe c26a6087491045f62402fd182bdf4794 ./programs/gimp/GimpSetup.exe 0905a05e0653e3899e2f54fe5f5dbc8e ./programs/gaim/GaimSetup.exe 34cbc9f8ad5d41ad37ab8bea24cb688c ./programs/firefox/FirefoxSetup.exe 120622531f51091f5b1e2a619782501e ./programs/abiword/AbiwordSetup.exe 390e4ace8948b303ffdba01daa8b275e ./disctree/incl/js/ocd_common.js 153de8cc94538885d7fd6fed45a24a05 ./disctree/incl/img/backarrow.png 8fda0f36418c2639ead2fe03a114463b ./disctree/incl/img/gtk-big.png 6e6e1399ff211d0e23fd5d37119fe2e9 ./disctree/incl/img/gtk.png 55aaa568e345e79a20d89459bb4aea3e ./disctree/incl/img/opencd.png 55ecbf80d6d870994a89ba21d01ef817 ./disctree/incl/img/shadow200.png a9d6ded28f002c874e0fb79fa8949e5f ./disctree/incl/img/info-i.png e9e6cbca18dc255efebaede8e5c6a20e ./disctree/incl/img/install-s.png 021c1df7848c4f3ba0be4d4936ba79af ./disctree/incl/img/gohome.png 64df0b4395a290af84e19ab0385cb065 ./disctree/incl/img/install.png f8fa67e5952cef3c9c28f87cc6ec4b29 ./disctree/incl/img/ubuntu-logo-small.png ae98d3d89e724abc86b2688bf8ab69ca ./disctree/incl/img/ubuntu-logo-large.png 9765b4a462e87f31f7367c46e36e665e ./disctree/incl/img/globe-s.png 8a20b1d99c11f24b2d80060b7814b003 ./disctree/incl/img/white.png 07ff0fb9f7a311affb490257586bb273 ./disctree/incl/img/ubuntu.png c03b3503d1a2bcdc710876fb0e3a7daf ./disctree/incl/img/thunderbird.png 54bdf6d56535ded07472f8eca2ede5c2 ./disctree/incl/img/top_amber.png d83ce908fddc90693c3a31244d0756ac ./disctree/incl/img/shadow250b.png 0b71f01abbdbebba264717249ba97cfb ./disctree/incl/img/shadow250.png a70f09fc33a8ffbdbeb9de789d3e8587 ./disctree/incl/img/shadow225.png 794941b3f1617f833b9a8e1c0b8aaddb ./disctree/incl/img/gimp.png bd48326516c0ca19047a0686db807353 ./disctree/incl/img/gaim.png b2727f0512fa13b50c9dba997b734fc7 ./disctree/incl/img/firefox.png b0ea5c71f4e202d3fa0c9b2c84ae621f ./disctree/incl/img/exit.png 95d374744a18b572f3aa4905a390df9e ./disctree/incl/img/bullet.png acf1c2de86a6f0d4105d58c2ed2d5670 ./disctree/incl/img/body_btm.png b7ab52b2fa3fc0bab74cc1d352c0ca85 ./disctree/incl/img/bkg.jpg a9a4e7d38a483562ef1aead402b9e8ef ./disctree/incl/img/abiword.png bd05b08bdd7197f3082fed8f5f6717cb ./disctree/incl/css/info_page.css 80a02f7a6e6cdfee5abe2fb88950e453 ./disctree/incl/css/main_page.css 40b14bca2dacc2216aa6438af049f806 ./disctree/incl/css/common.css 0a55e77d3cf09f0f58d07ec772e54c2d ./disctree/incl/css/app_page.css 4d39c767ef07bc683a40e38feb96ad56 ./disctree/incl/source_web.lch 1e82859532a2dedfd65633d503cca630 ./disctree/incl/orchard_web.lch eb4a5070e668e9b7699b02df2167d888 ./disctree/incl/kmeleon_web.lch b6319939c3e3d3b3f63c2bef0cec18ab ./disctree/incl/InfoWindow.html 731cddbcdda9d8656e481f64df5c822e ./disctree/incl/forum_web.lch 080b221ce67aef686fa39f39de933da4 ./disctree/en/gtk_web.lch 4797a06db6c4db4ae3d7080b10b534bc ./disctree/en/gimp_install.lch 1ac7301f7c8cab7e701dbcae34926cd0 ./disctree/en/gimp_web.lch 8bf2506ff7bfcf2c937f14af215bff90 ./disctree/en/abiword_web.lch 0725ea8be010775eb8bc739876a5b53c ./disctree/en/thunderbird_web.lch 74d40304d5e9d745bee905f95cd9c100 ./disctree/en/gtk_install.lch cd2f64979933cdaefd99940b830fd204 ./disctree/en/aboutgtk.html 37b86a5c510907b44e7f040fa180dd5c ./disctree/en/abiword_install.lch e8327b1c66fd2275160eef0d941019ab ./disctree/en/thunderbird_install.lch e797bfcf73470f7c6d5bd435b5f805c1 ./disctree/en/gaim.html d160610f5a209024d91daba53fb90a23 ./disctree/en/gimp.html 7f63ce8f441c3f020c01f2ac424753ee ./disctree/en/firefox.html 25eeaab2c0624a1e24642551969d3768 ./disctree/en/abiword.html 1af0dda63a79d1db63c09bceebe71889 ./disctree/en/home.html 4291651a1d4353442ad0a6336f831d33 ./disctree/en/ubuntu_web.lch 3fb49ab17ccb5135f8842c3d22bfc28f ./disctree/en/thunderbird.html ea82579c3e3a7a115ea678c686288a59 ./disctree/en/theopencd_web.lch 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./bin/chrome/comm.jar 8565717ad44ccb30ad94e61e84b4aef3 ./bin/chrome/classic.jar c30d3ed6e16f1f7583d2dbfcb91526fa ./bin/chrome/chrome.rdf 7a30577caf70e9465c9350b1781c79b5 ./bin/chrome/aggreg8.jar 430ac070ae609c7618f2b7853e16c514 ./bin/xpcom_compat.dll 6d8b59acdd4e04b1deca02869a8aff1a ./bin/xpcom.dll 2d4d4c15c89c7b4c80636e4c99e03e8a ./bin/uninstall.exe 510dcb45b900c4913cfc4376a9b94db5 ./bin/start2.exe a798e85bfbed0b5eadd20d7a3080f6d1 ./bin/start.ini bbbc4a04358c4f668c28376446d4a4fe ./bin/ssl3.dll 35e85604f3929f4b52d584ee24a695ad ./bin/softokn3.chk c22d0819a54edffd8f52cc3dc62e7f16 ./bin/smime3.dll db2b4d0887832f31e84441e0b8ca535f ./bin/SetDefault.exe be54ea8f26f625edd04b8d56cef17d12 ./bin/readme.html 531293fdaa8dca2c5b55054d8de5ba41 ./bin/plds4.dll 92cb1b24b80e0ce4514a2fd29f9ec81c ./bin/plc4.dll aa6fc338ac7e741fa884adba8bd63315 ./bin/nssckbi.dll f46e611b8dab76353350e5ce076b88a2 ./bin/nspr4.dll e74fec2ce0817a76f34392355cdc2df8 ./bin/mozz.dll cd425a358ba72b6e8cb53f38f2b36c7d ./bin/mozilla-ipcd.exe aee5b0b2a11f7aa8c6ef1cdcc455be8c ./bin/mozctlx.dll 7034982c015c702494ec3cb7b26c3ce5 ./bin/mozctl.dll f0b4eae4e731873bd3b774c165b2850e ./bin/License.txt ed0df4719588a8f05c3e4cac0885fd5c ./bin/Launch.exe d758a7d2438036d1984722c97e363a45 ./bin/k-meleon.exe.manifest e4af16f656a57107ecf2d7946e25b3b7 ./bin/k-meleon.exe e0dff82ec94cdb47fc1cc69701767bd4 ./bin/jsj3250.dll dbe820c91b2c24001e8fe14e75cff311 ./bin/js3250.dll cda0774aef659e851581261ff81ae0e2 ./bin/gkgfx.dll bb5497bd1832b64297fc44916e923db1 ./cdromupgrade

Le fichier ISO est un conteneur dans lequel se trouvent les fichiers nécessaires à l'exploitation de Ubuntu. Afin de vérifier l'intégrité de ce conteneur, les distributeurs de Ubuntu mettent à votre disposition une empreinte md5, sorte d'empreinte « digitale » numérique d'un fichier informatique.

Tout comme chaque personne a des empreintes digitales uniques, chaque fichier informatique a une empreinte md5 unique. À la moindre corruption du fichier, l'empreinte d'un fichier change. En vérifiant l'intégrité de votre fichier, vous vous assurez de disposer d'une copie conforme, d'un clone parfait du fichier d'origine.

L'utilitaire md5sum ne calcule pas, d’un point de vue mathématique, une empreinte aussi unique que ça. En d’autres termes il est possible qu’une même empreinte MD5 corresponde à plusieurs fichiers. La seule empreinte réellement unique est la suite des bits du fichier lui-même. Toutefois, les risques sont extrêmement minimes que deux fichiers non identiques partagent une même empreinte MD5. C'est la raison pour laquelle la comparaison d'empreintes constitue une bonne méthode pour vérifier l'intégrité de l'image CD téléchargée. SHA-256 est devenu le nouveau standard recommandé en matière de hachage cryptographique après les attaques sur MD5 et SHA-1.

Contributeurs : AlexandreP