rsnapshot

rsnapshot est une application en ligne de commande de sauvegarde écrite en PERL, et basée sur rsync qui est lui-même un outil standard, puissant et fiable.

rsnapshot gère les sauvegardes de manière incrémentielle, et permet à la fois de conserver différentes versions d'un fichier (il n'écrase pas les anciennes versions), et d'éviter la duplication physique des fichiers inchangés.
Ceci est rendu possible par un emploi intelligent des liens physiques : même si on trouve l'intégralité des fichiers dans chaque répertoire de sauvegarde (un nouveau répertoire est créé à chaque sauvegarde) ils ne prennent qu'une seule fois leur place sur le disque tant qu'ils restent inchangés (et ne sont "réellement" effacés que si on supprime absolument tous les liens physiques).

rsnapshot permet de faire des sauvegardes locales (une copie régulière d’un disque sur un autre) ou distantes (via une connexion SSH) ; rsnapshot tourne alors sur le serveur de backup, et la machine qui se voit ainsi sauvegardée est totalement passive, il faut juste qu’elle ait un serveur SSH activé.

Quelques scripts rsync/ssh pourraient évidemment faire la même chose que rsnapshot, mais rsnapshot est fiable et sa configuration triviale, alors pourquoi s’en passer ?¹⁾

Par rapport à d'autres outils de sauvegarde incrémentielle ou de versioning, rsnapshot exploite les fonctionnalités ordinaires de l'environnement et du système de fichier (son fonctionnement est limpide, pas besoin d'outils spécifiques pour gérer ses sauvegardes après coup ou restaurer quoi que ce soit).

C’est un logiciel libre sous licence GNU GPL.

• Disposer des droits d'administration.
• Disposer d'une connexion à Internet configurée et activée.

Installez le paquet rsnapshot.

Commençons par créer une sauvegarde du fichier de configuration original :

sudo cp /etc/rsnapshot.conf /etc/rsnapshot.conf.backup

Ensuite, ouvrez le fichier /etc/rsnapshot.conf en modification.

rsnapshot configtest

#################################################
# rsnapshot.conf - rsnapshot configuration file #
#################################################
#                                               #
# PLEASE BE AWARE OF THE FOLLOWING RULE:        #
#                                               #
# This file requires tabs between elements      #
#                                               #
#################################################
 
#######################
# CONFIG FILE VERSION #
#######################
 
config_version	1.2
 
###########################
# SNAPSHOT ROOT DIRECTORY #
###########################
 
# All snapshots will be stored under this root directory.
#
snapshot_root	/var/cache/rsnapshot/
 
# If no_create_root is enabled, rsnapshot will not automatically create the
# snapshot_root directory. This is particularly useful if you are backing
# up to removable media, such as a FireWire or USB drive.
#
#no_create_root	1
 
#################################
# EXTERNAL PROGRAM DEPENDENCIES #
#################################
 
# LINUX USERS:   Be sure to uncomment "cmd_cp". This gives you extra features.
# EVERYONE ELSE: Leave "cmd_cp" commented out for compatibility.
#
# See the README file or the man page for more details.
#
cmd_cp		/bin/cp
 
# uncomment this to use the rm program instead of the built-in perl routine.
#
cmd_rm		/bin/rm
 
# rsync must be enabled for anything to work. This is the only command that
# must be enabled.
#
cmd_rsync	/usr/bin/rsync
 
# Uncomment this to enable remote ssh backups over rsync.
#
#cmd_ssh	/usr/bin/ssh
 
# Comment this out to disable syslog support.
#
cmd_logger	/usr/bin/logger
 
# Uncomment this to specify the path to "du" for disk usage checks.
# If you have an older version of "du", you may also want to check the
# "du_args" parameter below.
#
#cmd_du		/usr/bin/du
 
# Uncomment this to specify the path to rsnapshot-diff.
#
#cmd_rsnapshot_diff	/usr/bin/rsnapshot-diff
 
# Specify the path to a script (and any optional arguments) to run right
# before rsnapshot syncs files
#
#cmd_preexec	/path/to/preexec/script
 
# Specify the path to a script (and any optional arguments) to run right
# after rsnapshot syncs files
#
#cmd_postexec	/path/to/postexec/script
 
# Paths to lvcreate, lvremove, mount and umount commands, for use with
# Linux LVMs.
#
#linux_lvm_cmd_lvcreate	/sbin/lvcreate
#linux_lvm_cmd_lvremove	/sbin/lvremove
#linux_lvm_cmd_mount	/bin/mount
#linux_lvm_cmd_umount	/bin/umount
 
#########################################
#     BACKUP LEVELS / INTERVALS         #
# Must be unique and in ascending order #
# e.g. alpha, beta, gamma, etc.         #
#########################################
 
retain	alpha	6
retain	beta	7
retain	gamma	4
#retain	delta	3
 
############################################
#              GLOBAL OPTIONS              #
# All are optional, with sensible defaults #
############################################
 
# Verbose level, 1 through 5.
# 1     Quiet           Print fatal errors only
# 2     Default         Print errors and warnings only
# 3     Verbose         Show equivalent shell commands being executed
# 4     Extra Verbose   Show extra verbose information
# 5     Debug mode      Everything
#
verbose		2
 
# Same as "verbose" above, but controls the amount of data sent to the
# logfile, if one is being used. The default is 3.
# If you want the rsync output, you have to set it to 4
#
loglevel	3
 
# If you enable this, data will be written to the file you specify. The
# amount of data written is controlled by the "loglevel" parameter.
#
#logfile	/var/log/rsnapshot.log
 
# If enabled, rsnapshot will write a lockfile to prevent two instances
# from running simultaneously (and messing up the snapshot_root).
# If you enable this, make sure the lockfile directory is not world
# writable. Otherwise anyone can prevent the program from running.
#
lockfile	/var/run/rsnapshot.pid
 
# By default, rsnapshot check lockfile, check if PID is running
# and if not, consider lockfile as stale, then start
# Enabling this stop rsnapshot if PID in lockfile is not running
#
#stop_on_stale_lockfile		0
 
# Default rsync args. All rsync commands have at least these options set.
#
#rsync_short_args	-a
#rsync_long_args	--delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete-excluded
 
# ssh has no args passed by default, but you can specify some here.
#
#ssh_args	-p 22
 
# Default arguments for the "du" program (for disk space reporting).
# The GNU version of "du" is preferred. See the man page for more details.
# If your version of "du" doesn't support the -h flag, try -k flag instead.
#
#du_args	-csh
 
# If this is enabled, rsync won't span filesystem partitions within a
# backup point. This essentially passes the -x option to rsync.
# The default is 0 (off).
#
#one_fs		0
 
# The include and exclude parameters, if enabled, simply get passed directly
# to rsync. If you have multiple include/exclude patterns, put each one on a
# separate line. Please look up the --include and --exclude options in the
# rsync man page for more details on how to specify file name patterns.
#
#include	???
#include	???
#exclude	???
#exclude	???
 
# The include_file and exclude_file parameters, if enabled, simply get
# passed directly to rsync. Please look up the --include-from and
# --exclude-from options in the rsync man page for more details.
#
#include_file	/path/to/include/file
#exclude_file	/path/to/exclude/file
 
# If your version of rsync supports --link-dest, consider enabling this.
# This is the best way to support special files (FIFOs, etc) cross-platform.
# The default is 0 (off).
#
#link_dest	0
 
# When sync_first is enabled, it changes the default behaviour of rsnapshot.
# Normally, when rsnapshot is called with its lowest interval
# (i.e.: "rsnapshot alpha"), it will sync files AND rotate the lowest
# intervals. With sync_first enabled, "rsnapshot sync" handles the file sync,
# and all interval calls simply rotate files. See the man page for more
# details. The default is 0 (off).
#
#sync_first	0
 
# If enabled, rsnapshot will move the oldest directory for each interval
# to [interval_name].delete, then it will remove the lockfile and delete
# that directory just before it exits. The default is 0 (off).
#
#use_lazy_deletes	0
 
# Number of rsync re-tries. If you experience any network problems or
# network card issues that tend to cause ssh to fail with errors like
# "Corrupted MAC on input", for example, set this to a non-zero value
# to have the rsync operation re-tried.
#
#rsync_numtries 0
 
# LVM parameters. Used to backup with creating lvm snapshot before backup
# and removing it after. This should ensure consistency of data in some special
# cases
#
# LVM snapshot(s) size (lvcreate --size option).
#
#linux_lvm_snapshotsize	100M
 
# Name to be used when creating the LVM logical volume snapshot(s).
#
#linux_lvm_snapshotname	rsnapshot
 
# Path to the LVM Volume Groups.
#
#linux_lvm_vgpath	/dev
 
# Mount point to use to temporarily mount the snapshot(s).
#
#linux_lvm_mountpath	/path/to/mount/lvm/snapshot/during/backup
 
###############################
### BACKUP POINTS / SCRIPTS ###
###############################
 
# LOCALHOST
backup	/home/		localhost/
backup	/etc/		localhost/
backup	/usr/local/	localhost/
#backup	/var/log/rsnapshot		localhost/
#backup	/etc/passwd	localhost/
#backup	/home/foo/My Documents/		localhost/
#backup	/foo/bar/	localhost/	one_fs=1,rsync_short_args=-urltvpog
#backup_script	/usr/local/bin/backup_pgsql.sh	localhost/postgres/
# You must set linux_lvm_* parameters below before using lvm snapshots
#backup	lvm://vg0/xen-home/	lvm-vg0/xen-home/
 
# EXAMPLE.COM
#backup_exec	/bin/date "+ backup of example.com started at %c"
#backup	root@example.com:/home/	example.com/	+rsync_long_args=--bwlimit=16,exclude=core
#backup	root@example.com:/etc/	example.com/	exclude=mtab,exclude=core
#backup_exec	ssh root@example.com "mysqldump -A > /var/db/dump/mysql.sql"
#backup	root@example.com:/var/db/dump/	example.com/
#backup_exec	/bin/date "+ backup of example.com ended at %c"
 
# CVS.SOURCEFORGE.NET
#backup_script	/usr/local/bin/backup_rsnapshot_cvsroot.sh	rsnapshot.cvs.sourceforge.net/
 
# RSYNC.SAMBA.ORG
#backup	rsync://rsync.samba.org/rsyncftp/	rsync.samba.org/rsyncftp/

Faut-il traduire les commentaires

rsnapshot help
rsnapshot 1.4.5-2
Usage: rsnapshot [-vtxqVD] [-c cfgfile] [command] [args]
Type "man rsnapshot" for more information.
 
rsnapshot is a filesystem snapshot utility. It can take incremental
snapshots of local and remote filesystems for any number of machines.
 
rsnapshot comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.  This is free software,
and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
See the GNU General Public License for details.
 
Options:
    -v verbose       - Show equivalent shell commands being executed.
    -t test          - Show verbose output, but don't touch anything.
                       This will be similar, but not always exactly the same
                       as the real output from a live run.
    -c [file]        - Specify alternate config file (-c /path/to/file)
    -q quiet         - Suppress non-fatal warnings.
    -V extra verbose - The same as -v, but with more detail.
    -D debug         - A firehose of diagnostic information.
    -x one_fs        - Don't cross filesystems (same as -x option to rsync).
 
Commands:

Pour tester votre configuration utiliser l'option -t suivi de l'intervalle choisi :

rsnapshot -t hourly

ou

sudo  rsnapshot -t alpha

Pour exécuter manuellement logrotate pour un intervalle donné (rien de plus simple )

rsnapshot hourly

ou

sudo  rsnapshot  alpha

La première sauvegarde est disponible sous forme de duplication dans la structure /var/cache/rsnapshot/alpha.0/localhost

a@a:/var/cache/rsnapshot/alpha.0/localhost$ ls -ls
total 11
9 drwxr-xr-x 142 root root 245 Jan 22 11:09 etc
1 drwxr-xr-x   3 root root   3 Jan 18 12:05 home
1 drwxr-xr-x   3 root root   3 Jan 16 06:26 usr

Pour supprimer cette application, il suffit de supprimer son paquet et de supprimer le fichier /etc/cron.d/rsnapshot. La configuration de l'application sera conservée ou supprimée selon la méthode de désinstallation que vous choisirez.

• (en) Site officiel

Contributeurs principaux : macmonac.